Different skin types

Genetics play an essential role in the development of the respective skin type.

Whether woman or man, in both cases it is the gender-specific hormones that determine it.

The male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone cause oily skin as they attach to receptors of men`s sebacous glands and stimulate the production of sebum. Skin as a consequence displays a shiny oily patina. 

During pregnancy, complex endocrinological changes lead to the appearance of pregnancy-specific skin changes. These can also occur depending on women`s cycle. Even during menopause, there are further hormonally dependent changes in women` s skin. Estrogen production decreases, natural oil production decreases and the skin usually becomes drier and thinner.

The climate, especially the seasons may change our skin type.

Incorrect care and/or low-quality skincare products, the environment and the pollution can irritate our skin and change one`s skin type. 

Type-appropriate skin care

Consult your skin type

Our genes play a significant role in the development of our skin type.
Whether female or male, in both cases it is the sex-specific hormones that determine the skin type.

The male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone cause oily skin. They dock onto the sebaceous glands and stimulate them to produce sebum. This becomes visible in the form of a shiny, greasy surface.
During pregnancy, complex endocrinological changes lead to the appearance of pregnancy-specific skin changes.

These can also occur depending on the cycle. Further hormone-dependent changes to the skin also occur during the menopause. Oestrogen production decreases, natural oil production drops and the skin generally becomes drier and thinner.

The climate, in particular the seasons, can also change the skin type.
Incorrect care and / or inferior care products, the environment and pollution can irritate the skin and change the skin type.

Normal skin

shows fine pores, is well supplied with blood, velvety and soft, fresh and rosy. No impurities are visible. Normal skin is generally insensitive. It is quite uncomplicated to care for.

Step 1:

Cleanse normal skin in the morning and evening with a pH-neutral, moisturizing cleanser and lukewarm water.

Step 2:

A gentle, alcohol-free facial toner is not absolutely necessary but is recommended as an additional preparation for subsequent care.

Step 3:

Then apply a sufficiently moisturizing skin care product. Hyaluronic acid, glycerine, aloe vera, algae and cucumber extracts provide optimal moisturization. Your skincare product may well contain lipids in the form of various oils, triglycerides, squalane and ceramides. This makes the skin barrier more resistant, thus moisture can be retained more effectively. The product should be absorbed quickly and not leave a greasy finish.

Occasionally apply a nutrient-rich serum consisting of antioxidants, vitamins, low-molecular (hydrolyzed) hyaluronic acid and others, preferably in the evening. The application of a night cream is not necessary for young and normal skin. However, if you do use it, apply it after the serum!

Apply a moisturizing and cleansing mask in a fortnight.

Apply a low-dose chemical peeling of glycolic or trichloroacetic acid every month after thoroughly degreasing and cleansing your skin. This will give your skin a radiant, fresh and homogeneous appearance.

A chemical peeling eliminates old skin flakes on the surface and lays the uppermost cell layer bare. This makes your skin prone to faster tanning.

Step 4:

For maximum protection, apply a UV-A / UV-B sunscreen with a SPF of at least 25 as the last step in your morning skincare routine.

In case of any doubt, consult your dermatologist!

Dry skin

is caused by reduced sebum production. There is a lack of epidermal fats (lipids), which generally curb transpidermal water loss (TEWL). Dry skin loses an above-average amount of water due to the insufficient lipid content. The function of the skin barrier is impaired. As a general rule, mature skin tends to be dry.

Step 1:

Cleanse dry skin in the morning and evening with a pH-neutral, oil-based, fragrance-free cleanser and lukewarm water. Do not stress your skin by excessive washing and rubbing!

Avoid products that contain one or more of the following alcohols. These additionally dry out your skin.

Alcohol Denat, Alcohol, Ethanol, Ethyl Alcohol, SD Alcohol, Methanol, Propyl Alcohol, Propanol, Isopropanol, Isopropyl Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenethyl Alcohol, Sodium Lauryl Phospate.

Step 2:

A gentle, alcohol-free facial toner is not absolutely necessary but is recommended as an additional preparation for subsequent care.

Step 3:

Now apply an intensively moisturizing skin care product. Hyaluronic acid, glycerine and above all urea should be present in sufficient quantities.

Use a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. This is generally rich and creamy. You can recognize a W/O emulsion by frequently used emulsifiers such as lecithin, polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate or sorbitan sesquioleate.

Pay attention to high-fat components such as jojoba, almond-, wheat germ-, rose-, and sea buckthorn kernel oil, as well as triglycerides and ceramides.

Apply a high-quality facial oil occassionally and sparingly.

This will strengthen your skin barrier and reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

Once a week, apply a moisturizing mask.

Step 4:

For maximum protection, as the final step in your morning skincare routine, apply a broad-spectrum UV-A / UV-B sunscreen with a SPF of at least 25, formulated specifically for dry skin.

Dry skin can have many causes!

Consult your GP or dermatologist if the problem persists or has been ongoing.

Oily skin

produces too much sebum. It appears thickened, pale, poorly supplied with blood, shiny and often shows enlarged, clearly visible pores. These sometimes close up and become inflamed. Blackheads (comedones) and even acne may develop. Adolescent men are particularly affected. This is caused by the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone, which binds to the sebaceous glands and activates them. In women, hormonal fluctuations, stress or a polycystic ovary can be responsible for oily skin.

Step 1:

Cleanse oily skin in the morning and evening with a cleansing milk that can absorb excessive oil, with a soap-free cleanser or with a pH-neutral, gentle and slightly acidic (4.1 – 5.8) cleansing cream.

Avoid products containing alcohol (see dry skin).

Step 2:

Care for oily – oily skin with oil-free but well-moisturizing, non-comedogenic products. Jojoba is not really an oil and can be used. It is non comedogenic. Hyaluronic acid, glycerine and aloe vera are particularly suitable for moisturizing oily skin. Look out for ingredients such as niacinamide and willow bark extract. They cleanse and soothe irritated skin. Prefer gel-like formulations.

If oily skin does not receive sufficient moisture, it can lead to the medical condition of dry oily skin (seborrhea sicca)!

Use a night cream and prefer products containing niacinamide and retinoids, such as retinyl acetate, retinyl aldehyde, or liposomal retinol in a low concentration of up to 0.3%.

Apply a moisturizing, cleansing mask with kaolin and/or bentonite in a fortnight.

Apply a chemical peel approximately every ten days. A combination of glycolic and salicylic acids is particularly effective. This thoroughly clears the pores of excessive oil, bacteria, and cellular debris. If you perform this on your own, start with a low concentration!

This will deliver a radiant, fresh and homogenous skin.

Note that the peeling exposes the top layer of skin cells as dead skin flakes are eliminated, leading to increased photosensitivity. The skin will tan more quickly.

Step 3:

For maximum protection, apply a UV-A / UV-B sunscreen formulated for oily skin with an SPF of at least 25 as the last step in your morning skincare routine.

If your skin continues to develop pimples and acne, consult your dermatologist!

Combination skin

is greasy – oily – especially in the so-called T-zone (forehead, nose and chin). This is caused by increased sebum production. The oily areas show enlarged pores and are prone to blemishes, pustules and acne. The skin on the cheeks is usually dry. This is caused by the skin’s own reduced production of fats (lipids).

Caring for combination skin can be a bit of a challenge. On the one hand, the T-zone must not be further “oiled” in order to prevent impurities and the formation of comedones and acne and on the other hand, the dry areas require an oil-based product to compensate for the lack of lipids and thus strengthen the skin barrier.

Combination skin therefore needs care that is suitable for both oily and dry skin.

Like all skin types, combination skin also benefits from adequate moisturization.

Step 1:

Cleanse combination skin in the morning and evening with a pH-neutral, gentle foam using lukewarm water. Do not stress your skin with excessive washing and rubbing!

Step 2:

Optimal results are achieved by using two different products, tailored to the respective skin type oily – oily on the T-zone and dry on the cheeks.

  • Use oil-free, non-comedogenic products containing niacinamide and moisturizers to care for the oily-oily T-zone.
  • To care for the dry skin areas, apply oily, creamy products, sometimes a high-quality facial oil sparingly.

Apply a moisturizing, cleansing mask with kaolin and / or bentonite in a fortnight.

Apply an enzyme peeling every two weeks. Avoid mechanical peelings with abrasive particles. Instead, apply a peeling made from papaya (papain) and pineapple (bromelain).

Please note that this will expose the uppermost cell layer. This leads to increased photosensitivity. Your skin will  tan much faster.

Step 3:

As the last step in your daily skincare routine, apply a UV-A / UV-B sunscreen formulated for combination skin with an SPF of at least 25.

In case of any doubt, consult your dermatologist!

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